Methods of generating and using electricity at a well treatment

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems for integral storage and blending of the materials used in oilfield operations are disclosed. A modular integrated material blending and storage system includes a first module comprising a storage unit, a second module comprising a liquid additive storage unit and a pump for maintaining pressure at an outlet of the liquid additive storage unit. The system further includes a third module comprising a pre-gel blender. An output of each of the first module, the second module and the third module is located above a blender and gravity directs the contents of the first module, the second module and the third module to the blender. The system also includes a pump that directs the output of the blender to a desired down hole location. The pump may be powered by natural gas or electricity.

Notice: More than one reissue application has been filed for the reissueof U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012. The reissue applications are U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/079,027, now U.S. Pat. No. RE46,725, which is areissue application of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012; U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/853,076, now U.S. Pat. No. RE47,695, which is a reissue ofU.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012 and is a divisional reissue application of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/079,027, now U.S. Pat. No. RE46,725; U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/537,070, which is a continuation reissueapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/853,076, now U.S.Pat. No. RE47,695, and a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/537,124, which is a continuation reissueapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/853,076 now U.S. Pat.No. RE47,695, and a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012; the present U.S.patent application Ser. No. 17/221,152, which is a continuation reissueapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 16/537,070 and16/537,124 and a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012; and the followingco-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 17/221,176, 17/221,186,17/221,204, 17/221,221, 17/221,242, 17/221,267, 17/221,281, 17/221,317,17/352,956, and 17/353,091, each of which is a continuation reissueapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 16/537,070 and16/537,124 and a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation reissue of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/537,070 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/537,124,both filed on Aug. 9, 2019, which are reissue applications of U.S. Pat.No. 8,834,012 and continuation reissue applications of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/853,076, filed on Dec. 22, 2017, now U.S. Pat.No. RE47,695, which is a reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012 and adivisional reissue application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/079,027, filed on Mar. 23, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. RE46,725, which isa reissue of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/744,959, filed on May6, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,834,012, issued on Sep. 16, 2014, entitled“Electric or Natural Gas Fired Small Footprint Fracturing Fluid Blendingand Pumping Equipment,” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/557,730, filed Sep. 11, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No.8,444,312, issued on May 21, 2013, entitled “Improved Methods andSystems for Integral Blending and Storage of Materials,” the entiredisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to oilfield operations, and moreparticularly, to methods and systems for integral storage and blendingof the materials used in oilfield operations.

Oilfield operations are conducted in a variety of different locationsand involve a number of equipments, depending on the operations at hand.The requisite materials for the different operations are often hauled toand stored at the well site where the operations are to be performed.

Considering the number of equipments necessary for performing oilfieldoperations and ground conditions at different oilfield locations, spaceavailability is often a constraint. For instance, in well treatmentoperations such as fracturing operations, several wells may be servicedfrom a common jobsite pad. In such operations, the necessary equipmentis not moved from well site to well site. Instead, the equipment may belocated at a central work pad and the required treating fluids may bepumped to the different well sites from this central location.Accordingly, the bulk of materials required at a centralized work padmay be enormous, further limiting space availability.

Typically, in modem well treatment operations, equipment is mounted on atruck or a trailer and brought to location and set up. The storage unitsused are filled with the material required to prepare the well treatmentfluid and perform the well treatment. In order to prepare the welltreatment fluid, the material used is then transferred from the storageunits to one or more blenders to prepare the desired well treatmentfluid which may then be pumped down hole.

For instance, in conventional fracturing operations a blender and apre-gel blender are set between the high pressure pumping units and thestorage units which contain the dry materials and chemicals used. Thedry materials and the chemicals used in the fracturing operations arethen transferred, often over a long distance, from the storage units tothe mixing and blending equipments. Once the treating process isinitiated, the solid materials and chemicals are typically conveyed tothe blender by a combination of conveyer belts, screw type conveyers anda series of hoses and pumps.

The equipment used for transferring the dry materials and chemicals fromthe storage units to the blender occupy valuable space at the job site.Additionally, the transfer of dry materials and chemicals to the blenderconsumes a significant amount of energy as well as other systemresources and contributes to the carbon foot print of the job site.Moreover, in typical “on land” operations the entire equipment spreadincluding the high horsepower pumping units are powered by diesel firedengines and the bulk material metering, conveying and pumping is donewith diesel fired hydraulic systems. Emissions from the equipment thatis powered by diesel fuel contributes to the overall carbon footprintand adversely affects the environment.

FIGURES

Some specific example embodiments of the disclosure may be understood byreferring, in part, to the following description and the accompanyingdrawings.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an Integrated Material Storage and BlendingSystem in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an Integrated Pre-gel Blender inaccordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of an Integrated Pre-gel Blender inaccordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of an Integrated Pre-gel Blender inaccordance with a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 depicts a close up view of the interface between the storageunits and a blender in an Integrated Material Storage and BlendingSystem in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of an Integrated Material Storage andBlending System in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a pumping system in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

While embodiments of this disclosure have been depicted and describedand are defined by reference to example embodiments of the disclosure,such references do not imply a limitation on the disclosure, and no suchlimitation is to be inferred. The subject matter disclosed is capable ofconsiderable modification, alteration, and equivalents in form andfunction, as will occur to those skilled in the pertinent art and havingthe benefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodimentsof this disclosure are examples only, and not exhaustive of the scope ofthe disclosure.

SUMMARY

The present invention relates generally to oilfield operations, and moreparticularly, to methods and systems for integral storage and blendingof the materials used in oilfield operations.

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an integratedmaterial blending and storage system comprising: a storage unit; ablender located under the storage unit; wherein the blender is operableto receive a first input from the storage unit; a liquid additivestorage module having a pump to maintain constant pressure at an outletof the liquid additive storage module; wherein the blender is operableto receive a second input from the liquid additive storage module; and apre-gel blender; wherein the blender is operable to receive a thirdinput from the pre-gel blender; wherein gravity directs the contents ofthe storage unit, the liquid additive storage module and the pre-gelblender to the blender; a first pump; and a second pump; wherein thefirst pump directs the contents of the blender to the second pump; andwherein the second pump directs the contents of the blender down hole;wherein at least one of the first pump and the second pump is powered byone of natural gas and electricity.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to amodular integrated material blending and storage system comprising: afirst module comprising a storage unit; a second module comprising aliquid additive storage unit and a pump for maintaining pressure at anoutlet of the liquid additive storage unit; and a third modulecomprising a pre-gel blender; wherein an output of each of the firstmodule, the second module and the third module is located above ablender; and wherein gravity directs the contents of the first module,the second module and the third module to the blender; a pump; whereinthe pump directs the output of the blender to a desired down holelocation; and wherein the pump is powered by one of natural gas andelectricity.

The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the descriptionof exemplary embodiments, which follows.

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates generally to oilfield operations, and moreparticularly, to methods and systems for integral storage and blendingof the materials used in oilfield operations.

Turning now to FIG. 1, an Integrated Material Storage and BlendingSystem (IMSBS) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention is depicted generally with reference numeral 100. The IMSBS100 includes a number of storage units 102. The storage units 102 maycontain sand, proppants or other solid materials used to prepare adesired well treatment fluid.

In one exemplary embodiment, the storage units 102 may be connected toload sensors (not shown) to monitor the reaction forces at the legs ofthe storage units 102. The load sensor readings may then be used tomonitor the change in weight, mass and/or volume of materials in thestorage units 102. The change in weight, mass or volume can be used tocontrol the metering of material from the storage units 102 during welltreatment operations. As a result, the load sensors may be used toensure the availability of materials during oilfield operations. In oneexemplary embodiment, load cells may be used as load sensors. Electronicload cells are preferred for their accuracy and are well known in theart, but other types of force-measuring devices may be used. As will beapparent to one skilled in the art, however, any type of load-sensingdevice can be used in place of or in conjunction with a load cell.Examples of suitable load-measuring devices include weight-, mass-,pressure- or force-measuring devices such as hydraulic load cells,scales, load pins, dual sheer beam load cells, strain gauges andpressure transducers. Standard load cells are available in variousranges such as 0-5000 pounds, 0-10000 pounds, etc.

In one exemplary embodiment the load sensors may be communicativelycoupled to an information handling system 104 which may process the loadsensor readings. While FIG. 1 depicts a separate information handlingsystem 104 for each storage unit 102, as would be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, asingle information handling system may be used for all or anycombination of the storage units 102. Although FIG. 1 depicts a personalcomputer as the information handling system 104, as would be apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure,the information handling system 104 may include any instrumentality oraggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process,transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display,manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form ofinformation, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, orother purposes. For example, the information handling system 104 may bea network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary insize, shape, performance, functionality, and price. For instance, in oneexemplary embodiment, the information handling system 104 may be used tomonitor the amount of materials in the storage units 102 over timeand/or alert a user when the contents of a storage unit 102 reaches athreshold level. The user may designate a desired sampling interval atwhich the information handling system 104 may take a reading of the loadsensors.

The information handling system 104 may then compare the load sensorreadings to the threshold value to determine if the threshold value isreached. If the threshold value is reached, the information handlingsystem 104 may alert the user. In one embodiment, the informationhandling system 104 may provide a real-time visual depiction of theamount of materials contained in the storage units 102. Moreover, aswould be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, the load sensors may be coupled to theinformation handling system 104 through a wired or wireless (not shown)connection.

As depicted in FIG. 1, the IMSBS 100 may also include one or moreIntegrated Pre-gel Blenders (IPB) 106. The IPB 106 may be used forpreparing any desirable well treatment fluids such as a fracturingfluid, a sand control fluid or any other fluid requiring hydration time.

FIG. 2 depicts an IPB 200 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. The IPB 200 comprises a pre-gel storage unit 202resting on legs 204. As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skillin the art, the pre-gel storage unit 202 may be a storage bin, a tank,or any other desirable storage unit. The pre-gel storage unit 202 maycontain the gel powder used for preparing the gelled fracturing fluid.As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, the gel powder may comprise a dry polymer.Specifically, the dry polymer may be any agent used to enhance fluidproperties, including, but not limited to, wg18, wg35, wg36 (availablefrom Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okla.) or any other guar ormodified guar gelling agents. The materials from the pre-gel storageunit 202 may be directed to a mixer 206 as a first input through afeeder 208. As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in theart, with the benefit of this disclosure, in one embodiment, the mixer206 may be a growler mixer and the feeder 208 may be a screw feederwhich may be used to provide a volumetric metering of the materialsdirected to the mixer 206. A water pump 210 may be used to supply waterto the mixer 206 as a second input. A variety of different pumps may beused as the water pump 210 depending on the user preferences. Forinstance, the water pump 210 may be a centrifugal pump, a progressivecavity pump, a gear pump or a peristaltic pump. The mixer 206 mixes thegel powder from the pre-gel storage unit 202 with the water from thewater pump 210 at the desired concentration and the finished gel isdischarged from the mixer 206 and may be directed to a storage unit,such as an external frac tank (not shown), for hydration. The finishedgel may then be directed to a blender 108 in the IMSBS 100.

In one exemplary embodiment, the legs 204 of the pre-gel storage unit202 are attached to load sensors 212 to monitor the reaction forces atthe legs 204. The load sensor 212 readings may then be used to monitorthe change in weight, mass and/or volume of materials in the pre-gelstorage unit 202. The change in weight, mass or volume can be used tocontrol the metering of material from the pre-gel storage unit 202 at agiven set point. As a result, the load sensors 212 may be used to ensurethe availability of materials during oilfield operations. In oneexemplary embodiment, load cells may be used as load sensors 212.Electronic load cells are preferred for their accuracy and are wellknown in the art, but other types of force-measuring devices may beused. As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, any typeof load-sensing device can be used in place of or in conjunction with aload cell. Examples of suitable load-measuring devices include weight-,mass-, pressure- or force-measuring devices such as hydraulic loadcells, scales, load pins, dual sheer beam load cells, strain gauges andpressure transducers. Standard load cells are available in variousranges such as 0-5000 pounds, 0-10000 pounds, etc.

In one exemplary embodiment the load sensors 212 may be communicativelycoupled to an information handling system 214 which may process the loadsensor readings. Although FIG. 2 depicts a personal computer as theinformation handling system 214, as would be apparent to those ofordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, theinformation handling system 214 may include any instrumentality oraggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process,transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display,manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form ofinformation, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, orother purposes. For example, the information handling system 214 may bea network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary insize, shape, performance, functionality, and price. For instance, in oneexemplary embodiment, the information handling system 214 may be used tomonitor the amount of materials in the pre-gel storage unit 202 overtime and/or alert a user when the contents of the pre-gel storage unit202 reaches a threshold level. The user may designate a desired samplinginterval at which the information handling system 214 may take a readingof the load sensors 212. The information handling system 214 may thencompare the load sensor readings to the threshold value to determine ifthe threshold value is reached. If the threshold value is reached, theinformation handling system 214 may alert the user. In one embodiment,the information handling system 214 may provide a real-time visualdepiction of the amount of materials contained in the pre-gel storageunit 202.

Moreover, as would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art,with the benefit of this disclosure, the load sensors 212 may be coupledto the information handling system 214 through a wired or wireless (notshown) connection. As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill inthe art, with the benefit of this disclosure, in one exemplaryembodiment, the dry polymer material may be replaced with a Liquid GelConcentrate (“LGC”) material that consists of the dry polymer mixed in acarrier fluid. In this exemplary embodiment, the feeder and mixermechanisms would be replaced with a metering pump of suitableconstruction to inject the LGC into the water stream, thus initiatingthe hydration process.

FIG. 3 depicts an IPB in accordance with a second exemplary embodimentof the present invention, denoted generally by reference numeral 300.The IPB 300 comprises a pre-gel storage unit 302 resting on legs 308.The pre-gel storage unit 302 in this embodiment may include a centralcore 304 for storage and handling of materials. In one embodiment, thecentral core 304 may be used to store a dry gel powder for making gelledfracturing fluids. The pre-gel storage unit 302 may further comprise anannular space 306 for hydration volume. As would be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, thegel powder may comprise a dry polymer. Specifically, the dry polymer maycomprise a number of different materials, including, but not limited to,wg18, wg35, wg36 (available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan,Okla.) or any other guar or modified guar gelling agents.

The materials from the central core 304 of the pre-gel storage unit 302may be directed to a mixer 310 as a first input through a feeder 312. Aswould be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, in one embodiment, the mixer 310 may be agrowler mixer and the feeder 312 may be a screw feeder which may be usedto provide a volumetric metering of the materials directed to the mixer310. A water pump 314 may be used to supply water to the mixer 310 as asecond input. A variety of different pumps may be used as the water pump314 depending on the user preferences. For instance, the water pump 314may be a centrifugal pump, a progressive cavity pump, a gear pump or aperistaltic pump. The mixer 310 mixes the gel powder from the pre-gelstorage unit 302 with the water from the water pump 314 at the desiredconcentration and the finished gel is discharged from the mixer 310. Asdiscussed above with reference to the storage units 102, the pre-gelstorage unit 302 may rest on load sensors 316 which may be used formonitoring the amount of materials in the pre-gel storage unit 302. Thechange in weight, mass or volume can be used to control the metering ofmaterial from the pre-gel storage unit 302 at a given set point.

In this embodiment, once the gel having the desired concentration isdischarged from the mixer 310, it is directed to the annular space 306.The gel mixture is maintained in the annular space 306 for hydration.Once sufficient time has passed and the gel is hydrated, it isdischarged from the annular space 306 through the discharge line 318.

FIG. 4 depicts a cross sectional view of a storage unit in an IPB 400 inaccordance with a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The IPB 400 comprises a pre-gel storage unit 402 resting on legs 404.The pre-gel storage unit 402 in this embodiment may include a centralcore 406 for storage and handling of materials. In one embodiment, thecentral core 406 may be used to store a dry gel powder for making gelledfracturing fluids. As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill inthe art, with the benefit of this disclosure, the gel powder maycomprise a dry polymer. Specifically, the dry polymer may be any agentused to enhance fluid properties, including, but not limited to, wg18,wg35, wg36 (available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okla.)or any other guar or modified guar gelling agents. The pre-gel storageunit 402 may further comprise an annular space 408 which may be used asa hydration volume. In this embodiment, the annular space 408 contains atubular hydration loop 410.

The materials from the central core 406 of the pre-gel storage unit 402may be directed to a mixer 412 as a first input through a feeder 414. Aswould be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, in one embodiment, the mixer 412 may be agrowler mixer and the feeder 414 may be a screw feeder which may be usedto provide a volumetric metering of the materials directed to the mixer412. A water pump 416 may be used to supply water to the mixer 412 as asecond input. A variety of different pumps may be used as the water pump416 depending on the user preferences. For instance, the water pump 416may be a centrifugal pump, a progressive cavity pump, a gear pump or aperistaltic pump. The mixer 412 mixes the gel powder from the pre-gelstorage unit 402 with the water from the water pump 416 at the desiredconcentration and the finished gel is discharged from the mixer 412. Asdiscussed above with reference to FIG. 1, the pre-gel storage unit 402may rest on load sensors 418 which may be used for monitoring the amountof materials in the pre-gel storage unit 402. The change in weight, massor volume can be used to control the metering of material from thepre-gel storage unit 402 at a given set point.

In this embodiment, once the gel having the desired concentration isdischarged from the mixer 412, it is directed to the annular space 408where it enters the tubular hydration loop 410. As would be appreciatedby those of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of thisdisclosure, the portions of the gel mixture are discharged from themixer 412 at different points in time, and accordingly, will be hydratedat different times. Specifically, a portion of the gel mixturedischarged from the mixer 412 into the annular space 408 at a firstpoint in time, t1, will be sufficiently hydrated before a portion of thegel mixture which is discharged into the annular space 408 at a secondpoint in time, t2. Accordingly, it is desirable to ensure that the gelmixture is transferred through the annular space 408 in aFirst-In-First-Out (FIFO) mode. To that end, in the third exemplaryembodiment, a tubular hydration loop 410 is inserted in the annularspace 408 to direct the flow of the gel as it is being hydrated.

As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, in order to achieve optimal performance, thetubular hydration loop 410 may need to be cleaned during a job orbetween jobs. In one embodiment, the tubular hydration loop 410 may becleaned by passing a fluid such as water through it. In anotherexemplary embodiment, a pigging device may be used to clean the tubularhydration loop 410.

Returning to FIG. 1, the IMSBS 100 may include one or more blenders 108located at the bottom of the storage units 102. In one embodiment,multiple storage units 102 may be positioned above a blender 108 and beoperable to deliver solid materials to the blender 108. FIG. 5 depicts aclose up view of the interface between the storage units 102 and theblender 108. As depicted in FIG. 5, gravity directs the solid materialsfrom the storage units 102 to the blender 108 through the hopper 502,obviating the need for a conveyer system.

Returning to FIG. 1, the IMSBS 100 may also include one or more liquidadditive storage modules 110. The liquid additive storage modules 110may contain a fluid used in preparing the desired well treatment fluid.As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, depending on the well treatment fluid beingprepared, a number of different fluids may be stored in the liquidadditive storage modules 110. Such fluids may include, but are notlimited to, surfactants, acids, cross-linkers, breakers, or any otherdesirable chemical additives. As discussed in detail with respect tostorage units 102, load sensors (not shown) may be used to monitor theamount of fluid in the liquid additive storage modules 110 in real timeand meter the amount of fluids delivered to the blender 108. As would beappreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit ofthis disclosure, a pump may be used to circulate the contents andmaintain constant pressure at the head of the liquid additive storagemodules 110. Because the pressure of the fluid at the outlet of theliquid additive storage modules 110 is kept constant and the blender 108is located beneath the liquid additive storage modules 110, gravityassists in directing the fluid from the liquid additive storage modules110 to the blender 108, thereby obviating the need for a pump or otherconveyor systems to transfer the fluid.

As depicted in more detail in FIG. 5, the blender 108 includes a fluidinlet 112 and an optional water inlet 504. Once the desired materialsare mixed in the blender 108, the materials exit the blender 108 throughthe outlet 114.

In one embodiment, when preparing a well treatment fluid, a base gel isprepared in the IPB 106. In one embodiment, the gel prepared in the IPBmay be directed to an annular space 406 for hydration. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the annular space may further include a hydrationloop 410. In one exemplary embodiment, the resulting gel from the IPB106 may be pumped to the centrally located blender 108. Each of the basegel, the fluid modifying agents and the solid components used inpreparing a desired well treatment fluid may be metered out from the IPB106, the liquid additive storage module 110 and the storage unit 102,respectively. The blender 108 mixes the base gel with other fluidmodifying agents from the liquid additive storage modules 110 and thesolid component(s) from the storage units 102. As would be appreciatedby those of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of thisdisclosure, when preparing a fracturing fluid the solid component may bea dry proppant. In one exemplary embodiment, the dry proppant may begravity fed into the blending tub through metering gates. Once theblender 108 mixes the base gel, the fluid modifying agent and the solidcomponent(s), the resulting well treatment fluid may be directed to adown hole pump (not shown) through the outlet 114. A variety ofdifferent pumps may be used to pump the output of the IMSBS down hole.For instance, the pump used may be a centrifugal pump, a progressivecavity pump, a gear pump or a peristaltic pump. In one exemplaryembodiment, chemicals from the liquid additive storage modules 110 maybe injected in the manifolds leading to and exiting the blender 108 inorder to bring them closer to the centrifugal pumps and away from otherchemicals when there are compatibility or reaction issues.

As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, the mixing and blending process may beaccomplished at the required rate dictated by the job parameters. As aresult, pumps that transfer the final slurry to the down hole pumpstypically have a high horsepower requirement. FIG. 7 depicts a pumpingsystem in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, denoted generally with reference numeral 700. In oneexemplary embodiment, shown in FIG. 7, the transfer pump 702 may bepowered by a natural gas fired engine or a natural gas fired generatorset 714. In another exemplary embodiment, the transfer pump may bepowered by electricity from a power grid. Once the fluid system is mixedand blended with proppant and other fluid modifiers it is boosted to thehigh horsepower down hole pumps 704. The down hole pumps pump the slurrythrough the high pressure ground manifold 706 to the well head 708 anddown hole. In one embodiment, the down hole pumps 704 may be powered bya natural gas fired engine, a natural gas fired generator set 714 orelectricity from a power grid. The down hole pumps typically account forover two third of the horsepower on location, thereby reducing thecarbon footprint of the overall operations.

In one exemplary embodiment, the natural gas used to power the transferpumps, the down hole pumps or the other system components may beobtained from the field on which the subterranean operations are beingperformed 720. In one embodiment, the natural gas may be converted toliquefied natural gas 712 and used to power pumps and other equipmentthat would typically be powered by diesel fuel. In another embodiment,the natural gas may be used to provide power through generator sets 714.The natural gas from the field may undergo conditioning 710 before beingused to provide power to the pumps and other equipment. The conditioningprocess may include cleaning the natural gas, compressing the naturalgas in compressor stations and if necessary, removing any watercontained therein.

As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, the IMSBS may include a different number ofstorage units 102, IPBs 106 and/or liquid additive storage modules 110,depending on the system requirements. For instance, in another exemplaryembodiment (not shown), the IMSBS may include three storage units, oneIPB and one liquid additive storage module.

FIG. 6 depicts an isometric view of IMSBS in accordance with anexemplary embodiment of the present invention, denoted generally withreference numeral 600. As depicted in FIG. 6, each of the storage units602, each of the liquid additive storage modules 604 and each of theIPBs 606 may be arranged as an individual module. In one embodiment, oneor more of the storage units 602, the liquid additive storage modules604 and the IPBs 606 may include a latch system which is couplable to atruck or trailer which may be used for transporting the module. In oneembodiment, the storage units 602 may be a self-erecting storage unit asdisclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/235,270, assigned toHalliburton Energy Services, Inc., which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety. Accordingly, the storage units 602 may bespecially adapted to connect to a vehicle which may be used to lower,raise and transport the storage unit 602. Once at a jobsite, the storageunit 602 may be erected and filled with a predetermined amount of adesired material. A similar design may be used in conjunction with eachof the modules of the IMSBS 600 disclosed herein in order to transportthe modules to and from a job site. Once the desired number of storageunits 602, the liquid additive storage modules 604 and the IPBs 606 aredelivered to a job site, they are erected in their vertical position.Dry materials such as proppants or gel powder may then be filledpneumatically to the desired level and liquid chemicals may be pumpedinto the various storage tanks. Load sensors (not shown) may be used tomonitor the amount of materials added to the storage units 602, theliquid additive storage modules 604 and the IPBs 606 in real time.

As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, an IMSBS 600 in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention which permits accurate, real-timemonitoring of the contents of the storage units 602, the liquid additivestorage modules 604 and/or the IPBs 606 provides several advantages. Forinstance, an operator may use the amount of materials remaining in thestorage units 602, the liquid additive storage modules 604 and/or theIPBs 606 as a quality control mechanism to ensure that materialconsumption is in line with the job requirements. Additionally, theaccurate, real-time monitoring of material consumption expedites theoperator's ability to determine the expenses associated with a job.

As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, with thebenefit of this disclosure, the different equipment used in an IMSBS inaccordance with the present invention may be powered by any suitablepower source. For instance, the equipment may be powered by a combustionengine, electric power supply which may be provided by an on-sitegenerator or by a hydraulic power supply.

Therefore, the present invention is well-adapted to carry out theobjects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as thosewhich are inherent therein. While the invention has been depicted anddescribed by reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention, such areference does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no suchlimitation is to be inferred. The invention is capable of considerablemodification, alteration, and equivalents in form and function, as willoccur to those ordinarily skilled in the pertinent arts and having thebenefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodiments ofthe invention are exemplary only, and are not exhaustive of the scope ofthe invention. Consequently, the invention is intended to be limitedonly by the spirit and scope of the appended claims, giving fullcognizance to equivalents in all respects. The terms in the claims havetheir plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearlydefined by the patentee.

What is claimed is:
 1. An integrated material blending and storagesystem comprising: a storage unit; a blender located under the storageunit; wherein the blender is operable to receive a first input from thestorage unit through a hopper; a liquid additive storage module having afirst pump to maintain constant pressure at an outlet of the liquidadditive storage module; wherein the blender is operable to receive asecond input from the liquid additive storage module; and a pre-gelblender, wherein the pre-gel blender comprises at least a pre-gelstorage unit resting on a leg, further wherein the pre-gel storage unitcomprises a central core and an annular space, wherein the annular spacehydrates the contents of the pre-gel blender; wherein the blender isoperable to receive a third input from the pre-gel blender; whereingravity directs the contents of the storage unit, the liquid additivestorage module and the pre-gel blender to the blender; a second pump;and a third pump; wherein the second pump directs the contents of theblender to the third pump; and wherein the third pump directs thecontents of the blender down hole; wherein at least one of the secondpump and the third pump is powered by one of natural gas andelectricity.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage unitcomprises a load sensor.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the pre-gelblender comprises: a feeder coupling the pre-gel storage unit to a firstinput of a mixer; a fourth pump coupled to a second input of the mixer;wherein the pre-gel storage unit contains a solid component of a welltreatment fluid; wherein the feeder supplies the solid component of thewell treatment fluid to the mixer; wherein the fourth pump supplies afluid component of the well treatment fluid to the mixer; and whereinthe mixer outputs a well treatment fluid.
 4. The system of claim 3,wherein the well treatment fluid is a gelled fracturing fluid.
 5. Thesystem of claim 4, wherein the solid component is a gel powder.
 6. Thesystem of claim 4, wherein the fluid component is water.
 7. The systemof claim 3, wherein the central core contains the solid component of thewell treatment fluid.
 8. The system of claim 3, wherein the welltreatment fluid is directed to the annular space.
 9. The system of claim3, wherein the annular space comprises a tubular hydration loop.
 10. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the well treatment fluid is directed from themixer to the tubular hydration loop.
 11. The system of claim 3, whereinthe well treatment fluid is selected from the group consisting of afracturing fluid and a sand control fluid.
 12. The system of claim 3,further comprising a power source to power at least one of the feeder,the mixer and the pump.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the powersource is selected from the group consisting of a combustion engine, anelectric power supply and a hydraulic power supply.
 14. The system ofclaim 13, wherein one of the combustion engine, the electric powersupply and the hydraulic power supply is powered by natural gas.
 15. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising a load sensor coupled to one ofthe storage unit, the liquid additive storage module or the pre-gelblender.
 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising an informationhandling system communicatively coupled to the load sensor.
 17. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein the load sensor is a load cell.
 18. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein a reading of the load sensor is used forquality control.
 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the electricity isderived from one of a power grid and a natural gas generator set.
 20. Amodular integrated material blending and storage system comprising: afirst module comprising a storage unit; a second module comprising aliquid additive storage unit and a first pump for maintaining pressureat an outlet of the liquid additive storage unit; and a third modulecomprising a pre-gel blender, wherein the pre-gel blender comprises atleast a pre-gel storage unit resting on a leg, further wherein thepre-gel storage unit comprises a central core and an annular space,wherein the annular space hydrates the contents of the pre-gel blender;wherein an output of each of the first module, the second module and thethird module is located above a blender; and wherein gravity directs thecontents of the first module through a hopper, the second module and thethird module to the blender; a second pump; wherein the second pumpdirects the output of the blender to a desired down hole location; andwherein the second pump is powered by one of natural gas andelectricity.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein each of the firstmodule, the second module and the third module is a self erectingmodule.
 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the third module comprises:a feeder coupling the pre-gel storage unit to a first input of a mixer;a third pump coupled to a second input of the mixer; wherein the pre-gelstorage unit contains a solid component of a well treatment fluid;wherein the feeder supplies the solid component of the well treatmentfluid to the mixer; wherein the third pump supplies a fluid component ofthe well treatment fluid to the mixer; and wherein the mixer outputs awell treatment fluid.
 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the welltreatment fluid is directed to the blender.
 24. The system of claim 20,wherein the blender mixes the output of the first module, the secondmodule and the third module.
 25. The system of claim 20, furthercomprising a fourth pump for pumping an output of the blender down hole.26. The system of claim 25, wherein the fourth pump is selected from thegroup consisting of a centrifugal pump, a progressive cavity pump, agear pump and a peristaltic pump.
 27. A method of performing afracturing operation comprising: using one or more generators to produceelectricity at a job site for a fracturing operation; powering the oneor more generators using only one or more of conditioned field gas,liquefied natural gas, or compressed natural gas; having a solidmaterial in a storage unit; transferring the solid material from thestorage unit; using a blender to prepare a fracturing fluid comprising aliquid and the solid material; transferring the fracturing fluid fromthe blender to at least one pump; and pumping the fracturing fluid intoa down hole location using the at least one pump, wherein onlyelectricity produced using the one or more generators at the job site isused to power the at least one pump.
 28. The method of claim 27, whereinthe solid material is transferred to the blender using gravity without apowered conveyor system.
 29. The method of claim 27, wherein theelectricity produced at the job site is used to power the blender. 30.The method of claim 27, further comprising: using a mixer to prepare amixture comprising a powder and water; allowing the mixture to at leastpartially hydrate to form a hydrated mixture; and transferring thehydrated mixture to the blender, wherein the fracturing fluid comprisesthe hydrated mixture.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the powder isa dry polymer.
 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the powder iscontained in a pre-gel storage unit attached to load sensors; andfurther comprising metering the powder from the pre-gel storage unit.33. The method of claim 30, wherein the powder is guar or a modifiedguar gelling agent.
 34. The method of claim 27, wherein the storage unitis a silo erected at the job site in a substantially vertical lengthwiseposition.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the silo is self-erecting.36. The method of claim 34, further comprising transporting or havingthe silo transported to the job site in a substantially horizontallengthwise position using a truck or trailer.
 37. The method of claim27, wherein the storage unit is supported on a structure configured suchthat the storage unit can be positioned at a height above the blenderand can direct the solid material from the storage unit to the blender.38. The method of claim 27, wherein the conditioned field gas isobtained from a field where the operation is being performed.
 39. Themethod of claim 27, wherein the conditioned field gas is used to powerthe one or more generators and produce the electricity at the job site.40. The method of claim 27, wherein the compressed natural gas is usedto power one or more generators and produce the electricity at the jobsite.
 41. The method of claim 27, wherein the liquefied natural gas isused to power the one or more generators and produce the electricity atthe job site.
 42. The method of claim 27, further comprisingpneumatically filling the storage unit with the solid material.
 43. Themethod of claim 27, further comprising providing and transferring aliquid additive to the blender using at least gravity.
 44. The method ofclaim 27, further comprising monitoring an amount of the solid materialin the storage unit.
 45. A method of performing a fracturing operationcomprising: using one or more generators to produce electricity at a jobsite for the fracturing operation; powering the one or more generatorsusing only conditioned field gas; having sand or proppant in a storageunit; transferring the sand or proppant from the storage unit; using ablender to prepare a fracturing fluid comprising a liquid and the sandor proppant; transferring the fracturing fluid from the blender to atleast one pump; and pumping the fracturing fluid into a down holelocation using the at least one pump, wherein only electricity producedusing the one or more generators at the job site is used to power theblender and the at least one pump.
 46. The method of claim 45, whereinthe conditioned field gas is compressed.
 47. The method of claim 45,wherein the sand or proppant is transferred from the storage unit to theblender using gravity without a powered conveyor system.
 48. The methodof claim 27, wherein a transfer pump is used to transfer the fracturingfluid from the blender to the at least one pump.
 49. The method of claim30, wherein the mixture is allowed to at least partially hydrate in apre-gel storage unit to form the hydrated mixture.
 50. The method ofclaim 27, wherein the electricity used to power the at least one pumppowers at least two-thirds of the total horsepower for the fracturingoperation.